Enenhnta Epta - To Periodiko ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas Teyxos 6o

Spoydazontas thn Istoria apo tis phges ths...

ME TON KORYFAIO ISTORIKO APOSTOLO BAKALOPOYLO

SPARAGMATA MIAS SYNOMILIAS

Menei edw kai dekaeties se mia polykatoikia ths odoy Aristoteloys. Sto 8yrothlefwno to onoma toy einai grammeno me to xeri panw se aytokollhto, kitrinismeno apo ton kairo kai ta 3ena daxtyla. Sthn Aristoteloys, katw apo tis kamares, h sthn Tsimiskh, sth Mhtropolews h sthn palia paralia xanetai "anwnymos" mesa ston kosmo. H fysiognwmia toy paramenei agnwsth stoys pio polloys, einai aplws enas hlikiwmenos an8rwpos, poy badizei me argo, prosektiko bhma, opws epiballoyn kai apaitoyn ta xronia poy ton barainoyn. Afanhs oso kai akoyrastos, opws kai alloi episthmones, l.x. o Emm. Kriaras h o Agaphtos Tsopanakhs, poy ekrinan pws to ergo toys apo mono toy arkei, kai den xreiazetai na to yposthrizoyn me ton ena h ton alla tropo, akomh ki an den briskei thn eyryterh anagnwrish poy dikaioytai.

Sta kentrika bibliopwleia ths polhs omws, sto Panepisthmio h sthn Etaireia Makedonikwn Spoydwn, sthn biblio8hkh ths opoias prepei na htan epi dekaeties o taktikoteros anagnwsths, h 8ea toy kai to akoysma toy onomatos toy ypoballoyn aytomatws ba8y sebasmo: einai o kyrios Apostolos Bakalopoylos, o istorikos toy neoteroy ellhnismoy.

Gennhmenos ston Bolo to 1909, o Apostolos Bakalopoylos hr8e se hlikia pente etwn sth 8essalonikh, opoy megalwse kai spoydase. Apo to 1942 mexri to 1974 dida3e neoterh ellhnikh istoria sth Filosofikh Sxolh toy Panepisthmioy 8essalonikhs.

H istorikh ereyna, h meleth kai h syggrafikh toy drasthriothta sxetizontai me treis, omokentroys tomeis: 8essalonikh, Makedonia, neos ellhnismos. S' aytoys anaferontai ta tria, basikotera kai ektenestera erga toy, «Istoria ths 8essalonikhs», «Istoria ths Makedonias» kai «Istoria toy neoy ellhnismoy» (8 tomoi) -poy symplhrwnetai me monadiko tropo apo to ditomo ergo «Phges ths Istorias toy neoy ellhnismoy»-, ka8ws kai alla, peripoy 200, mikrotera h megalytera keimena toy, dhmosieymena eite aytotelws eite se egkyra episthmonika periodika, ellhnika kai die8nh.

Den einai pantws mono o ogkos toy ergoy toy alla kai h ereynhtikh me8odos toy kai to gracimo toy poy ton ka8ierwsan ws enan apo toys egkyroteroys Ellhnes istorikoys: h syn8etikh toy ikanothta, h prwtoporia ths emmonhs toy na spoydazei thn istoria apey8eias apo tis phges -malista apo oso perissoteres kai pio diaforetikes ginetai-, alla kai h diarkhs anazhthsh newn phgwn, h metriopa8eia toy, h safhneia toy, h elleich prokatalhchs, h glafyrothta ths afhghshs poy kanei polloys na miloyn gia logotexniko yfos... A3izei na shmeiw8ei oti ston Apostolo Bakalopoylo ofeiloyme thn prwth Istoria ths 8essalonikhs (1947).

Daskalos me thn oysiastikoterh shmasia ths le3hs, antiproswpeyse thn Ellada se die8neis episthmonikes synanthseis, eytyxhse na dei na anagnwrizetai die8nws to kyros toy kai dex8hke polles timhtikes diakriseis (anamesa toys to Aristeion Istorikwn kai Koinwnikwn Episthmwn ths Akadhmias A8hnwn, to 1970, kai to Brabeio Herder, to 1979).

...H istoria gia mena einai 8etikh episthmh. Thn eixa apo nwris ayth thn apoch, diafwnwntas me osoys thn 3exwrizan apo tis 8etikes episthmes. Einai ay8yparkth episthmh, oso kai an sxetizetai kai me alles episthmes, opws h cyxologia atomwn kai omadwn h mazwn kai h koinwniologia. Gia mena o kalos istorikos prepei na epimenei sthn ereyna twn 8etikwn stoixeiwn kai oxi na kanei -epitrecte moy- koinwniologia me aoristies.

Ti ka8orise th dhmioyrgia ths optikhs sas oson afora thn Istoria; Me poio oplostasio 3ekinhsate;

Otan hmoyn foithths akoma, o ka8hghths moy Antwnios Sigalas moy eixe systhsei to biblio toy Xelman «Pws spoydazoyme thn Istoria», ergo poly aplo alla kai poly shmantiko. Argotera e3etimhsa idiaiterws th «Germanikh Istoria, toy Leopolnt fon Ranke, biblio poy me ephrease» para poly ws pros th me8odo moy na antikrizw kai na grafw thn istoria. Synexisa na anazhtw tetoia biblia, akomh kai twra, giati miloyn gia thn allh och toy istorikoy, thn opoia den th blepei eykola kaneis, kai to pws grafetai h Istoria. Allo biblio poy moy ekane entypwsh otan bghke htan to «Episthmh toy sygkekrimenoy», toy Ntarnte... Ystera, h seira ths «Pleiados», «Istoria kai me8odoi ths», poy ebgale sta ellhnika to Morfwtiko Idryma ths E8nikhs Trapezhs.

Pote kai pws arxisate na asxoleiste me th meleth kai th syggrafh ths Istorias;

Enan xrono meta thn apofoithsh moy, gyrw sta 1935, eblepa sth 8essalonikh tria spitia byzantinoy ry8moy na katarreoyn kai traboysa ta mallia moy poy den noiazotan kaneis, Dhmarxos h kratikh yphresia, na ta periswsei. Apofasisa na bgalw fwtografies, zhthsa ki apo enan gnwsto moy na kanei merika sxedia, apotypwseis. Ayto sta8hke aformh na melethsw poly, poikila keimena. Ystera, anebokatebainontas sthn A8hna, adioristos ka8hghths, eblepa to kastro toy Platamwna kai h8ela na to melethsw. Me parepemcan se enan Gallo poy eixe dhmosieysei ena keimeno sto «Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique» gia ta «hmisfairika kastra ths Ellados», opoy den yphrxe le3h gia to kastro ayto. Brhka tote enan adioristo ka8hghth ma8hmatikwn kai moy ekane merika sxedia.

3ekinhsa loipon thn meleth ths istorias ths 8essalonikhs kai ths Makedonias mesw ths arxitektonikhs, mesw twn mnhmeiwn.

Me th genikh istoria arxisa na asxoloymai otan egina yfhghths kai moy anate8hke na dida3w epi enan xrono Kapodistria. Tote arxisa na caxnw systhmatika tis istories toy Kokkinoy, toy Karolidh, toy Paparrhgopoyloy... Toy teleytaioy h «Istoria ths Epanastasews» einai, 8a elega, to epimetro ths istorias toy. Giati h byzantinh istoria toy einai kalh pragmatika... Tote loipon syneidhtopoihsa oti den exoyme istoria toy neoy ellhnismoy. Kai kati akomh: moy legan na dida3w apo to 1453 kai meta. Egw pisteya oti den htan swsth ayth h afethria, ki arxisa thn Istoria moy apo to 1204.

Poia epoxh arxisate na grafete thn Istoria toy neoy ellhnismoy;

Apo to 1943 kai meta. Ereynoysa, diabaza, egrafa -parallhla me th didaskalia sto Panepisthmio- alla den typwna, distaza. Molis to 1961 apofasisa na typwsw ton prwto tomo, to 1965 ton deytero, otan eida oti htan poly eynoikh h kritikh.

Legan orismenoi pws o Bakalopoylos arxise me megalo sxedio, 8a typwsei kana dyo tomoys kai 8a stamathsei... Oxi apo kakia - aplws den h3eran to peisma moy. Anakalyca sto e3wteriko ta biblia twn perihghtwn, poy den ta eixan xrhsimopoihsei alloi kai ekryban ployto eidhsewn. To pedio ths ereynas moy dieyrynotan diarkws kai etsi apo toys e3i tomoys poy logariaza sthn arxh, eftasa toys oktw.

Kai h Istoria ths 8essalonikhs, pote kai pws arxise na grafetai;

1946 me '47, htan mazemenoi sto spiti moy kati filoi, ka8hghtes toy Panepisthmioy alla kai ths Meshs Ekpaideyshs, poy eixan idrysei enan syllogo, «Oi filoi ths byzantinhs 8essalonikhs». Arxisan na ekdidoyn biblia, prwtos o 3yggopoylos egrace gia ton Agio Dhmhtrio, emena moy zhthsan na kanw mia syntomh Istoria ths 8essalonikhs.

Me poio prisma blepete kai ermhneyete ta istorika gegonota;

Dokimasa na akoloy8hsw enan diko moy dromo, basizomenos stis phges, sta stoixeia poy ebriska egw kai oxi s' ayta poy mporoysa na diabasw edw ki ekei.

Arnoymai tis etoimes syntages. Tis exw spoydasei oles aytes tis antilhceis, tis 8ewries, alla apoteloyn to pisw meros ths istorikhs moy morfwsews, to opoio den emfanizetai sto proskhnio.

Den hmoyn pote fanatikos me kamia 8ewria, giati pisteyw oti oles oi 8ewries exoyn mesa toys kapoia alh8eia. To idio isxyei kai gia thn antilhch toy istorikoy ylismoy. Prepei na prosexoyme ta oikonomika zhthmata, giati ontws ephreazoyn thn e3eli3h ths istorias. Alla den mporw kai na xrhsimopoihsw ton istoriko ylismo ws tyflosoyrth gia na ermhneysw thn istoria.

To 1939, eixa mia syntomh synanthsh me ton Kordato. Me h3ere, giati eixa bgalei to «Prosfyges kai prosfygiko zhthma». Moy leei, «Pws soy fanhke h "Koinwnikh shmasia ths Ellhnikhs Epanastasews";», toy apantw, «Den me pei8ei». «Den symfwneis», legei, «oti oi astoi epai3an enan rolo sthn Epanastash;». «Oxi, s' ayto symfwnw, alla poioi astoi; Ths 8essalonikhs, h twn Patrwn, h ths Tripolitsas, h, 3erw 'gw, ths Smyrnhs h ths Kwnstantinoypolhs; Aytoi htan katw apo th spa8a toy Soyltanoy, aytoi foboyntan». «Tote pws symfwneis;», epimenei. Lew, «Egw ennow alloys astoys, toys astoys toy e3wterikoy. Ths Biennhs, toy Boykoyrestioy, ths Boydapesths, ths Geneyhs, ths Benetias - genika ths Dytikhs Eyrwphs. Aytoi htan ploysioi astoi, paradeigmatizomenoi apo th megalh Gallikh Epanastash, fileley8eroi, estelnan xrhmata polla, typwnan biblia kai ta 'stelnan stis patrides toys giati h8elan na eley8erwsoyn thn Ellada, toys topoys toys...». Legei, «Oxi, den katalabate kala...», kai xwrisame ekei.

Meta thn apeley8erwsh, to '45, blepw se ena bibliopwleio, edw, pros th Benizeloy, to idio biblio, «H koinwnikh shmasia ths Ellhnikhs Epanastasews», 4h ekdosh. Htan allo pragma, eixe symmorfw8ei... Giati eixe mesolabhsei h e8nikh antistash kata twn Germanwn, opoy 3eshkw8hke olos o laos, den mporoysan na poyn oti htan mono ergates h mono dianooymenoi - htan olos o laos.

Eipate polles fores s' aythn thn synomilia oti prospa8hsate na krathsete tis proswpikes sas pepoi8hseis e3w apo thn istoriografia, periorizomenos stis phges kai sta pragmatika peristatika. Omws h antimetwpish twn phgwn den pernaei mesa apo tis proswpikes pepoi8hseis;

Ayto einai anapofeykto. Wstoso h prosfygh se polles kai diaforetikes phges se diasfalizei arketa kai soy epitrepei ayto poy leme antikeimenikh 8ewrhsh ths istorias. Syn to gegonos oti kalliergeis, oti prepei na kalliergeis diarkws thn aytognwsia soy, wste na gnwrizeis ti ermhneyeis kai me poion tropo.

O Ntinos Xristianopoylos 8ymatai oti th monadikh xronia poy parakoloy8hse ma8hmata sas, toys balate na gracoyn mia ergasia gia to xwrio twn goniwn toys. Ayto, leei, egine aitia na endiafer8ei gia ta xwria twn dikwn toy alla kai gia th 8essalonikh, opoy katelh3an.

Epishmainei akomh oti xrhsimopoihsate tis ameses empeiries ths sygxronhs zwhs, gia na 3efygete apo tis 8ewries kai na deite me allo mati thn Istoria. Typiko paradeigma to 8ema ths prosfygiasš blepontas toys twrinoys prosfyges, syllabate to 8ema twn palaiwn prosfygwn.

Akribws. H diatribh moy epi yfhgesia eixe titlo «Aixmalwtoi Ellhnwn kata thn epanastash toy '21». Boh8hse poly th skech moy h antimetwpish twn aixmalwtwn toy deyteroy pagkosmioy polemoy.

Pisteyete dhladh oti h istoria epanalambanetai;

Den to lew me aythn thn ennoia -8elw na pw oti soy dinei w8hsh na meletas paromoia problhmata apo to parel8on.

Lene gia thn «Istoria» sas oti einai logotexnika dosmenh...

Katalabainw giati to lene ayto. Egw den kanw istoria basei allwn genikwn istoriwn poy yparxoyn, alla phgainw katey8eian stis phges. Otan loipon metaferw sto keimeno moy ton 8rhno mias epoxhs h thn epistolh enos logioy h tis entypwseis enos kakomoirh poy dhmosieythkan to 1300 -dosmena me istoriko tropo, bebaia-, bgainei ayth h ais8hsh kapoias logotexnikothtas, enw einai aplws o palmos mias epoxhs.

Pws antimetwpisthke to ergo sas apo toys synadelfoys sas;

Eixan, genika, kalh ypodoxh ta biblia moy. Alla h megalyterh dikaiwsh den proerxetai apo toys kritikoys, kai malista apo toys eidikoys. Proerxetai apo thn aphxhsh poy exei ena biblio sto koino. To pisteyw akradanta ayto.

Giwrgos Kordomenidhs

Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..

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