Enenhnta Epta - To Periodiko ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas Teyxos 7o

Phter Gkrhnagoyaih - Mpernarnto Mpertoloytsi.

Oi dyo koryfaioi Eyrwpaioi skhno8etes poy sfragisan me thn paroysia toys to 37o Festibal Kinhmatografoy 8essalonikhs. H eikastikh ek8esh toy prwtoy kai to anadromiko afierwma twn tainiwn toy deyteroy phran anamfibola thn 8esh toys anamesa stis shmantikoteres ekdhlwseis toy festibal.

Stis apokleistikes synentey3eis poy filo3enoyntai stis epomenes selides toy «Enenhnta Epta», dinetai h eykairia sto ellhniko koino na anixneysei xarakthristikes ptyxes ths filosofias twn dyo megalwn dhmioyrgwn, na chlafisei thn istorikh poreia toys, na entopisei tis koinwnikes, tis pneymatikes kai tis ais8htikes kataboles toys kai na apokwdikopoihsei basika kleidia twn proswpikwn idiwmatwn toys.

Mpernarnto Mpertoloytsi - Phter Gkrhnagoyaih. Gennhmenoi ekei gyrw stis arxes ths dekaetias toy '40, prwtoemfanisthkan sthn tromaktikh dekaetia toy '60, dyo megaloi kallitexnes ths idias genias, me syggenes ideologiko ypoba8ro, shmera koryfaioi ekfrastes dyo megalwn kallitexnikwn reymatwn toy pagkosmioy kinhmatografoy: poihths mias idiomorfhs realistikhs afhghshs employtismenhs me entona stoixeia symbolismoy o prwtos, monaxikos profhths mias anatreptikhs eikastikhs pandaisias o deyteros.

Dyo proswpikoi dhmioyrgoi kata8etoyn ta oramata kai tis agwnies toys.

O shmerinos newterismos einai to ayriano dogma

PHTER GKRHNAGOYAIH

Synentey3h ston Faidwna Xatzhantwnioy

8essalonikh 13.11.1996

Synh8izete na dhlwnete mia syggeneia meta3y eikastikwn texnwn kai kinhmatografoy poy einai, allwste, emfanhs stis tainies sas. Kai stis dyo periptwseis, pantws, ayto afora se ena optiko paixnidi. Sthn teleytaia sas tainia, «The Pillow Book», ena stoixeio emfanizetai se mia nea dynamikh: o epanaprosdiorismos toy xronoy, poy ekfrazetai me thn taytoxronh afhghsh diaforwn xronikwn stigmwn. Ti shmainei xronos gia sas kai ti shmainei mia endexomenws diaforetikh syllhch kai xrhsh toy xronoy gia ton kinhmatografo;

P.Gkr. Enas apo toys megalyteroys kinhmatografikoys moy hrwes einai o Alain Renai o opoios ekane, kata th gnwmh moy, treis e3airetikes tainies thn dekaetia toy '60: «Xirosima, agaph moy», «Perysi sto Marienmpant» kai «Myriel». S'aytes tis tainies arxise na epanadiapragmateyetai, poly eystoxa, ton xrono.

H kinhmatografikh empeiria, kata to megalytero meros ths, anagnwrizei thn xronologikh diadoxh, opws e3elissetai sthn pragmatikothta: arxh-mesh-telos, parel8on-paron-mellon.

O peiramatismos, oson afora ston xrono, ginetai edw kai para poly kairo sthn logotexnia. O Tzeims Tzoys, as poyme, epaize synexws me thn idea ths diaspashs sthn xronologhsh toy xronoy.

Emena moy fainetai pws o tropos me ton opoio energoyme dhlwnei akribws enan xrono me mh xronologikh diadoxh, poy einai anamemigmenos me stoixeia fantasias kai mnhmhs. Etsi einai organwmenes, kata to «syndromo ths Kazamplankas», oi zwes mas. Den poreyomaste mesw mias seiras diakritwn epeisodiwn poy ektylissontai me enan grammiko tropo. Genika, oi tropoi kai ta mesa poy dia8etoyme gia na skeftomaste kai na metrame ton kosmo einai plagia.

Ekeino poy briskw poly ere8istiko shmera einai poy dia8etoyme kai kapoies nees texnologies me tis opoies pragmatika mporoyme na to e3ereynhsoyme ayto. To film einai, kata tropo apolyto, mia ey8eia. Ta3ideyei, basika, panw se mia ey8eia grammh, apo to A sto B.

Oson afora stoys Amerikanoys skhno8etes, to film ofeilei na mhn einai diforoymeno ws pros thn afhghsh, ofeilei na einai 3eka8aro, na sebetai tis desmeyseis ths dihghtikhs texnhs toy 19oy aiwna. Enw egw panta pisteya pws o kinhmatografos einai para poly ploysio meson gia na to afhnoyme stoys paramy8ades.

Oi dynatothtes poy exei kaneis gia na kanei pragmata me to film einai pragmatika e3airetikes. Poly apogohteyomai epeidh oi perissoteroi skhno8etes den deixnoyn na endiaferontai gi'ayta ta pragmata. 8eloyn na akoloy8oyn sta8era, or8odo3a, paradosiaka protypa, poy elkoyn thn katagwgh toys kyriws apo to my8istorhma toy 19oy aiwna.

Etsi, loipon, skeptomai pws, kat'arxhn, yparxei tropos, me thn pollaplothta ths eikonas, na dwseis ston 8eath to mellon prin apo to paron, to paron prin apo to parel8on. Mporeis synexws na epanektimas ta dedomena kai na deixneis ta pragmata me enan tropo poy einai poly pio konta ston tropo poy zoyme th zwh mas. Briskomaste ston dromo, gia paradeigma, ston enestwta xrono kai endexomenws skeftomaste kati. H mnhmh kanei sysxetismoys poy den einai toy enestwta xronoy, epipleon einai potismenh kai me polla stoixeia fantasias.

Pantws, egw exw polla problhmata me thn afhghsh ston kinhmatografo giati pisteyw pws o kinhmatografos den einai ena poly kalo meson afhghshs. An 8eleis na peis istories, prwta ap'ola pes istories: o kalyteros tropos einai proforika. Alla poios leei istories pleon; Isws lete istories sta paidia prin pane gia ypno, h 8a peite istories sto radiofwno. Pantws ayth h texnh exei pe8anei.

Aytos, loipon, einai o kalyteros tropos, o proforikos, na leei kaneis istories. O deyteros kalyteros tropos einai to gracimo.

Den nomizw, h idea na kaneis tainies eikonografwntas th drash me kinhmatografikoys oroys pws einai o kalyteros tropos na peis mia istoria, giati h dynatothta perigrafhs ths eikonas einai periorismenh.

Oysiastika, milate gia mia epanastash ths ennoias toy xronoy ston kinhmatografo. Fernw sto noy moy thn epanastash toy Aizenstain me to montaz. Eseis milate gia ena neo eidos montaz, sthn oysia.

P.Gkr. 8elw na to pisteyw. 8elw na sas dwsw ton xrono oloklhro. Polles idees poy ekanan thn emfanish toys sto 8eatro edw kai dyo dekaeties peripoy, me an8rwpoys san ton Mpomp Goyilson, idees poy periexoyn mia ennoia statikoy xronoy, opoy exeis thn ais8hsh pws tipota den symbainei edw, thn idia stigmh symbainoyn ta panta. Nomizw pws einai kati poly shmantiko.

Egw spoydasa zwgrafos. H sxesh enos zwgrafoy me to koino toy einai poly diaforetikh. Mporeite na pate na koita3ete thn Mona Liza gia tria deyterolepta, gia tria lepta, gia treis meres, gia treis aiwnes: o xronos einai ypo ton elegxo sas. Den symbainei to idio ston kinhmatografo kai ayto einai poly apogohteytiko.

Ena apo ta pio ere8istika pragmata gia mena einai h dynatothta ths allaghs toy plaisioy. To ema8a ayto san zwgrafos. An 8elhsete, as poyme, na zwgrafisete mia kamhlopardalh, zwgrafizete ena makrosteno plaisio, etsi wste na exete mia armonia meta3y plaisioy kai periexomenoy. Omws, ston kinhmatografo exoyme mono treis dynatothtes diastasewn: to sinemaskop, thn synh8h o8onh kai thn thleorash. Etsi den mporoyme na alla3oyme tis analogies kata periptwsh, opws mporei na kanei o zwgrafos.

Pisteyete pws ayth h e3eli3h twn texnologiwn 8a alla3ei th sxesh meta3y ths paradosiakhs kinhmatografikhs ai8oysas, ths paradosiakhs o8onhs kai toy koinoy;

P.Gkr. Nai. Nomizw pws o kinhmatografos 8a diaspas8ei.

Ais8anomai pws o kinhmatografos sthn pragmatikothta den einai mia koinwnikh drasthriothta. Otan phgainete sinema ka8este siwphlos sto skotadi. Etsi eiste apokommenos apo oloys, eiste ena nhsi kai exete mia idiaiterh sxesh mono me thn o8onh. Prokeitai gia mia one-to-one empeiria. To idio symbainei kai me oles tis nees texnologies: mono ena atomo thn fora mporei na xrhsimopoihsei to CD-ROM, mono ena atomo th fora, ka8ismeno mprosta sto monitor, mporei na xrhsimopoihsei to Internet. Fantazomai oti oi perissoteroi an8rwpoi, akomh kai ta binteo, me mia sxesh one-to-one ta blepoyn.

Gi'ayto pisteyw oti pi8anotata o kinhmatografos ths megalhs ai8oysas 8a e3afanis8ei. 8a katalh3ei na ginei mia oikiakh syskeyh. Isws analoga me thn oikonomikh mas katastash h analoga me ta endiaferonta mas, h o8onh ths thleorashs 8a ginetai olo kai megalyterh. Endexomenws, oi toixoi twn spitiwn 8a ginoyn o8ones. Den 8a einai monimws o8ones alla me kapoioys tropoys 8a metatrepontai se o8ones.

Peiramatizomoyn se ena ekplhktiko gyali, poy to diaperna ena hlektriko kalwdio, kai me ayton ton para3eno diakopth, mporei to gyali ayto na ginei adiaperasto sto fws, mporei na ginei ka8refths, mporei na ginei diafano, mporei na metatrapei akomh kai se o8onh thleorashs.

Etsi 8a ginei kai, pisteyw, ayto to idiaitero biomhxaniko proion 8a alla3ei ton tropo poy kanoyme arxitektonikh: den 8a xreiazomaste para8yra pleon, den 8a xreiazomaste ayta ta ktiria me tis gyalines epifaneies. 8elw na pw aytoy toy eidoys h texnologikh anapty3h 8a alla3ei fobera.

H allh kathgoria an8rwpwn einai ekeinoi poy apozhtoyn mia koinwnikh drasthriothta. Nomizw, omws, pws opoios 8elei koinwnikh drasthriothta den paei sinema, paei s'enan podosfairiko agwna, opoy, me ekeines tis terasties mazes, pragmatika ais8anetai oti exei epafh me toys alloys.

Den 3erw pote 8a ginoyn ol'ayta, e3artatai apo ta ependytika symferonta. Den 3erw, isws ta diseggona mas, isws me ta eggonia mas, den 3erw.

Ta eikastika erga sas poly syxna doyleyoyn san ena eidos optikoy odhgoy gia ton skhno8eth, poy eiste eseis o idios. 8a mporoysate na fantasteite ton eayto sas na syn8etei moysikh gia tis tainies sas akoloy8wntas thn idia me8odo, dhladh epinowntas mia eikastikh partitoyra;

P. Gkr. Na sas pw, 8a h8ela poly na egrafa moysikh. Eimai sthn eytyxh 8esh na grafw tainies, na tis skhno8etw, eidikeythka sto montaz, eimai, dhladh, para poly ypey8ynos gia to parel8on, to paron kai to mellon ths biotexnias tainiwn, alla 8a distaza, nomizw, na gracw moysikh giati, gia na gineis kalos syn8eths, xreiazesai mia makroxronia ekpaideysh. Einai san mia xeiroyrgikh epembash. Xreiazontai oktw kai deka xronia gia na ma8eis ena moysiko organo, gia na ma8eis na enorxhstrwneis kai na syn8eteis.

Apo thn allh, yparxei tosh eyxaristh moysikh ston kosmo, poy 8elw na exw thn dynatothta na thn xrhsimopoiw, epilektika, kai ekeinh.

An ypo8esoyme oti ypoxrewnosastan na diale3ete meta3y kinhmatografoy kai eikastikwn texnwn, ti 8a dialegate na kanete;

P.Gkr. Mporw na exw mia trith epilogh;

Bebaiws.

P.Gkr. 8a protimoysa, mallon, na eimai syggrafeas.

Alh8eia; Giati;

P.Gkr. Gia toys logoys poy eipa. Thn dynamh poy exei to gracimo, o kinhmatografos den prokeitai pote na thn apokthsei. Alla moy aresei kai h idea toy biblioy. Den mporeis na koybalas mia tainia mazi soy. Ena biblio, omws, mporeis na to pairneis pantoy.

Giati eiste skhno8eths;

P.Gkr. Ayto mporw na to e3hghsw me ena epeisodio ths proswpikhs moy istorias, apo tote poy hmoyn poly mikros. Eixa kati san oneiro tote, h8ela na ginomoyn zwgrafos kapoia mera. Me en8arrynan, eixa ena plh8wriko talento sto sxedio kai telika phga se ena eidiko sxoleio.

Alla, opws tosa paidia ths genias ekeinhs, trexame oloi stis kinhmatografikes lesxes. Egw hmoyn ypey8ynos gia tis proboles se mia tetoia lesxh. Mia fora, teleiws tyxaia, paraggeila mia soyhdikh tainia poy fantasthka pws, afoy htan soyhdikh, 8a htan kai diaskedastikh -milame, bebaia, gia th dekaetia toy '60, tote poy oles oi soyhdikes tainies htan ligo tolmhres, kapws san elafres tsontes. Htan «H ebdomh sfragida» toy Ingkmar Mpergkman. Spania tainia... Htan mia apokalyptikh empeiria gia mena, san to orama toy Payloy ston dromo gia thn Damasko. Htan mia tainia poy perieixe ola osa me ere8izan, oson afora sthn zwgrafikh kai sth logotexnia, ola osa me apasxoloysan thn epoxh ekeinh. Eixe kalh ypo8esh, h8eles na deis ti 8a ginei meta, alla e8ete kai dyskola metafysika erwthmata sxetika me thn pisth, thn 8rhskeia k.o.k. E3 alloy htan istorikh tainia kai egw panta trelainomoyna me tis istorikes tainies kai ta kostoymia epoxhs.

Kai 3afnika perase mia idea sto pisw meros toy kefalioy moy, «mallon ayto 8elw na kanw sth zwh moy». Alla synexise na me mageyei h zwgrafikh ka8'olh th diarkeia ths karieras moy, opws symbainei, allwste, akomh kai shmera.

O kinhmatografos den prokeitai pote na ginei ena meson toso rizospastiko kai anhsyxo opws einai h zwgrafikh, giati einai ena meson poly synthrhtiko. Skef8eite mono thn teleytaia ekatontaetia poy antistoixei me th zwh toy kinhmatografoy, ti synebh ston xwro ths logotexnias kai ths zwgrafikhs!

Akoysa oti dei3ate ena idiaitero endiaferon gia ta mnhmeia ths 8essalonikhs.

P.Gkr. Entypwsiasthka xtes to apogeyma, otan episkef8hka thn akropolh, opoy yparxei h diabohth fylakh.

Brhka endiaferon to oti yparxei mia eisodos me toixoys apo dw ki apo kei kai proxwras olo kai pio ba8ia kai akribws sto kentro oi fylakismenoi eixan xtisei mia mikrh eytelh ekklhsia. Me entypwsiase to gegonos: tosoi kai tosoi spoydaioi mastoroi kai 3afnika oi fylakismenoi monoi toys kanoyn mia tetoia xeironomia gia th xristianosynh! Kai ekeinh h ais8hsh ths synexeias, me toys aiwnes kai me ton pono kai ton tromo apotypwmena toso ba8ia s'ayto to blosyro oikodomhma!

Exw mia megalh ek8esh toy xronoy sth Barkelwnh me 8ema ton Ikaro kai ton Daidalo kai 8a h8ela poly na th ferw sthn Ellada. 8a moy arese poly na parw olo ayto to ktirio kai na ypo8esw oti einai to anaktoro ths Knwssoy me ton labyrin8o, m'ayth thn ais8hsh twn fylakwn kai thn idea toy Ikaroy kai toy Daidaloy epanw stis epal3eis na petoyn makria, dhladh na drapeteyoyn petwntas. H idea ths apodrashs 8a htan mia wraia metafora gi' ayth thn ek8esh...

Otan blepw tis tainies sas, exw panta thn dia8esh na symplhrwsw enan katalogo lhmmatwn, kleidiwn gia thn apokryptografhsh twn kwdikwn sas. Mporeite na moy dwsete ton orismo se merika apo ayta;

P.Gkr. 8a prospa8hsw.

Fws.

P.Gkr. O kinhmatografos den einai tipota xwris fws. Sthn pragmatikothta, h oysia toy kinhmatografoy einai toso kenh, wste merikes fores ais8anomai ntroph giati den yparxei tipota edw, h isws merikes fwteines anohsies. Yphr3an orismenoi hrwes sthn istoria ths zwgrafikhs, an8rwpoi san ton Karabatzio kai ton Bermeer, poy htan kata kapoion tropo pro-kinhmatografikoi kallitexnes, oi opoioi xrhsimopoihsan to fws me enan poly eyplasto tropo.

Egw hmoyn para poly tyxeros poy exw mia makroxronh sxesh me enan Gallo kinhmatografisth, ton Sasa Bierny, o opoios asxolh8hke gia para polla xronia me oles tis doyleies poy aforoyn ston xeirismo toy fwtos.

Pisteyw pws twra to periexomeno toy kinhmatografoy arxizei na e3afanizetai kai to fws einai o,ti apomenei.

Egw dhmioyrgw polles egkatastaseis se arxitektonika periballonta ana ton kosmo kai me ere8izei idiaitera na allazw olh thn atmosfaira se megalh klimaka mono me th xrhsh toy fwtos.

Epanastash.

P.Gkr. Epanastash; Panta moy dhmioyrgoyn mia e3ach tetoioy eidoys erwthseis. Kapoios phge ston kyrio tade kai toy eipe «Kyrie tade moy, ti gnwmh exete gia thn Gallikh Epanastash;» ki ekeinos toy apanthse «Einai poly nwris gia na sas pw».

Dogma.

P.Gkr. O anapofeyktos tropos me ton opoio kapoios epi8ymei sfodra na proshlytisei. Prepei na eimaste para poly prosektikoi giati o shmerinos newterismos einai to ayriano dogma.

Niw8w pws xreiazomai na exw tis poly megalyteres dynatothtes poy prosferei ena oxi dogmatiko sinema. Kai nomizw pws ypefera arketa sthn kariera moy apo ta dogmata twn allwn: «Prepei na kanete tainies etsi» h «Prepei na kanete teleiws alliws». Ayto einai poly epikindyno.

8anatos.

P.Gkr. To teleytaio synoro, h pantelws adiapragmateyth katastash ths zwhs, h aixmh opoy sygkentrwnontai oles mas oi drasthriothtes, to monadiko pragma gia to opoio den xwraei erwthsh. To apolyto, to ka8oloy apolyto. Nomizw pws yparxoyn mono dyo 8emata syzhthshs, to ena einai to se3 kai to allo o 8anatos. Isws, me to telos toy 20oy aiwna, exoyme, oysiastika, pei ola osa exoyn lex8ei gia to se3. Gi'ayto, isws 8a eprepe twra na katapiastoyme me to terastio problhma toy epomenoy pornografikoy synoroy, poy einai o 8anatos.

Areth.

P.Gkr. Eimai a8eos, eimai sxedon darbinisths, den pisteyw sto kalo kai sto kako, den pisteyw sthn asxhmia h sthn omorfia: aytes oles einai yperbolika ypobolimaies 8eseis, kai h ennoia ths areths einai enas poly reystos deikths: h areth toy enos einai to dhlhthrio toy alloy. Etsi, einai poly dyskolo, ypo8etw, na bre8ei mia ikanopoihtikh bash, panw sthn opoia na syzhth8oyn aytes oi ennoies.

Eimai oymanisths. Den pisteyw stis deka entoles me thn xristianikh ennoia: ektos apo mia, «oy foneyseis», oles oi alles einai diapragmateysimes. Me mia darbinikh ennoia, 8a metaxeirizomoyn toys alloys opws 8a h8ela na metaxeirizontai ekeinoi emena, kai aytos einai enas nomos ths areths. Etsi, loipon, menw s'ayton ton orismo.

Eyxaristhsh.

P.Gkr. Eyxaristhsh. Kati poly shmantiko. Me kritikaroyn syxna, ypo8etw, katalogizontas moy enan dianooymenizonta kinhmatografo alla elpizw pws einai poly diaskedastikos kai exei ikanopoihsei kyriws to a3iwma ths eyxaristhshs.

Sygkroysh.

P.Gkr. H aparaithth epibrabeysh gia ola ta eidh texnhs. Sygkroysh, oxi mono sthn o8onh alla kai e3w apo aythn. Nomizw oti sthn syntomh kinhmatografikh zwh moy eixa enan megalo ari8mo apo sygkroyseis.

Koinothta.

P.Gkr. Nomizw, aplws, prepei na ftia3oyme thn dikh mas ennoia ths koinothtas symfwna me thn ypodomh ths paideias mas h tis politismikes mas aposkeyes.

Ceydais8hsh.

O dikos moy kinhmatografos einai, apo orismenes pleyres, poly syxna kata ths ceydais8hshs. Sas deixnw ta kokala, sas deixnw ton skeleto, sas deixnw ton tropo me ton opoio einai ftiagmena ta pragmata kai sas lew «Prose3ete, mhn e3apath8eite. Ayto den einai para mia ceydais8hsh».

Aytarkeia.

P.Gkr. Einai ena idiaitero epi8ymhto xarakthristiko, alla sygkroyetai me ena apo ta prwta sas lhmmata, ekeino ths koinothtas.

Pws isorropoyme anamesa s'ayta ta dyo; Loipon, pws emeis oi kallitexnes eimaste apo paradosh filaytoi, pragma poy merikes fores mas kanei kai poly alazones kai xreiazetai na eimaste poly prosektikoi me ayth thn alazoneia.

8eos.

P.Gkr. Opws eipa prohgoymenws, eimai a8eos. Me elkyoyn ta 8rhskeytika systhmata, alla gia mena ola ta trexonta systhmata pisths ston kosmo den einai pleon ikanopoihtika. Einai san na leme «Oi 8eoi briskontai ston Olympo». Einai ena wraio kataskeyasma alla eilikrina den exei kanena nohma. Prokeitai gia ena texnasma gia na apanth8oyn ola ekeina ta api8ana erwthmata: poioi eimaste, apo poy erxomaste kai poy phgainoyme.

Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..

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