1. traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or
2. proceeding to or from internal waters or a call at such roadstead or port facility.

2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.

2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:

1. any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;
2. any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;
3. any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;
4. any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;
5. the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;
6. the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;
7. the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;
8. any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;
9. any fishing activities;
10. the carrying out of research or survey activities;
11. any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State;
12. any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.

1. the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;
2. the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations;
3. the protection of cables and pipelines;
4. the conservation of the living resources of the sea;
5. the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State;
6. the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof;
7. marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;
8. the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State.

2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.

3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.

4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.

2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.

3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:

1. the recommendations of the competent international organization;
2. any channels customarily used for international navigation;
3. the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and
4. the density of traffic.

4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.

1. impose requirements on foreign ships which have the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage; or
2. discriminate in form or in fact against the ships of any State or against ships carrying cargoes to, from or on behalf of any State.

2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.

2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.

3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.

2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.