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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 57, 00-03-21

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 4, No. 57, 21 March 2000


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] ARMENIAN PRESIDENT TIGHTENS CONTROL ON SECURITY BODIES
  • [02] ARMENIA GREETS EASING OF U.S. SANCTIONS ON IRAN
  • [03] AZERBAIJAN POPULAR FRONT DEPUTY CHAIRMAN RESIGNS
  • [04] POLITICAL PRISONERS IN GEORGIA THREATEN COLLECTIVE SUICIDE
  • [05] BISHKEK PROTESTERS ADDRESS DEMANDS TO KYRGYZ LEADERSHIP
  • [06] PROTESTS AGAINST KYRGYZ POLL OUTCOME CONTINUE
  • [07] TAJIKISTAN CLAMPS DOWN ON VIOLENCE

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [08] EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRESIDENT URGES GREATER EFFORT FOR
  • [09] PROTESTS AGAINST TV, RADIO CLOSURE CONTINUE
  • [10] ANOTHER MOBSTER GUNNED DOWN IN BELGRADE
  • [11] RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER PRESENTS KOSOVA PEACE PLAN
  • [12] BOSNIAN SERBS GO ON TRIAL FOR RAPE CAMPS
  • [13] UN SECRETARY-GENERAL SEES PROGRESS IN BOSNIA
  • [14] UN ENVOY DECRIES SITUATION IN KOSOVA
  • [15] KOSOVAR ALBANIAN LEADER PLEDGES TO HALT VIOLENCE
  • [16] ZAGREB SENDS WAR CRIMES SUSPECT TO THE HAGUE
  • [17] SLOVENIAN, CROATIAN PRESIDENTS HOLD TALKS
  • [18] ROMANIAN PREMIER SUBMITS TO EU MEDIUM-TERM ECONOMIC STRATEGY
  • [19] ROMANIAN OPPOSITION DENIES 'HOT LINE' TO KREMLIN ALLEGATIONS
  • [20] ROMANIAN PARTIES PREPARE FOR ELECTIONS
  • [21] MOLDOVAN PRESIDENT AGAINST GOVERNMENT RESIGNATION
  • [22] BULGARIAN PREMIER SAYS KOSOVA VISIT WAS 'PREVENTIVE

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [23] ARMENIAN PRESIDENT'S MACHIAVELLIAN RIPOSTE

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] ARMENIAN PRESIDENT TIGHTENS CONTROL ON SECURITY BODIES

    Robert Kocharian on 17 March repealed a government resolution

    signed in August 1999 by then Premier Vazgen Sargsian giving

    the prime minister the exclusive right to make key

    appointments in the Ministries of Defense, Interior, and

    National Security, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported.

    Kocharian ruled that the resolution is anti-constitutional

    and that it is the prerogative of the head of state to name

    the officials in question (see also "End Note" below). LF

    [02] ARMENIA GREETS EASING OF U.S. SANCTIONS ON IRAN

    Armenian

    Foreign Ministry spokesman Ara Papyan on 20 March expressed

    approval of U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's

    announcement three days earlier that Washington will lift the

    ban imposed in 1979 on the imports of certain categories of

    goods from Iran, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. Papyan

    said that U.S. moves aimed at effecting a rapprochement with

    Tehran reflect Armenia's national interests and will

    contribute to peace and stability in the South Caucasus. LF

    [03] AZERBAIJAN POPULAR FRONT DEPUTY CHAIRMAN RESIGNS

    Arif

    Pashaev, a former Azerbaijani army colonel and one of four

    deputy chairmen of the Azerbaijan Popular Front, tendered his

    resignation at a session of the party's Supreme Council on 18

    March, accusing its chairman, former President Abulfaz

    Elchibey, of regional favoritism, RFE/RL's Baku bureau

    reported on 21 March. Observers have long been aware of

    tensions within the Popular Front between the "radical

    romantics," led by Elchibey, and the mostly young reformers,

    headed by first deputy chairman Ali Kerimov (see "RFE/RL

    Caucasus Report," Vol. 2, No. 51, 23 December 1999). In a

    recent interview with the daily "Zerkalo," Kerimov admitted

    that "differences of opinion" exist within the party but

    denied any antagonism or confrontation within its ranks.

    Asked to comment on Pashaev's resignation, Kerimov told

    RFE/RL that he respects Pashaev as a sincere individual. LF

    [04] POLITICAL PRISONERS IN GEORGIA THREATEN COLLECTIVE SUICIDE

    Four inmates of a Tbilisi prison have threatened to commit

    suicide on 9 April--the date of the Georgian presidential

    elections--if the authorities do not meet their demands for

    an amnesty of all political prisoners and the dropping of all

    outstanding criminal cases against members and supporters of

    the administration of former President Zviad Gamsakhurdia,

    Caucasus Press reported on 20 March. The four men and five

    other prisoners began a hunger-strike in early February in

    support of those demands. LF

    [05] BISHKEK PROTESTERS ADDRESS DEMANDS TO KYRGYZ LEADERSHIP

    Some

    200 people who have been staging a picket in central Bishkek

    for the past six days to protest the outcome of the 12 March

    parliamentary runoff elections have appealed to the country's

    top leaders on 20 March, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported.

    The appeal, addressed to President Askar Akaev, Central

    Electoral Commission Chairman Sulaiman Imanbaev and

    Prosecutor-General Asanbek Sharshenaliev, lists seven

    demands: to halt the persecution of picket participants; to

    annul the runoff elections in Kara-Buura constituency, where

    opposition Ar-Namys party chairman Feliks Kulov was defeated;

    to revoke the court ruling barring opposition EL (Bei

    Bechara) Party Chairman Daniyar Usenov from contesting the

    runoff and all other court rulings against opposition

    candidates; to permit opposition candidate Omurbek Subanaliev

    to participate in the runoff; to release detained Ar-Namys

    party member Emil Aliev; and to identify and punish all

    officials responsible for falsifying the poll outcome. LF

    [06] PROTESTS AGAINST KYRGYZ POLL OUTCOME CONTINUE

    Up to 1,000

    people picketed the local administration in Kara-Buura on 20

    March, as the ongoing protest against Kulov's failure to win

    election entered its ninth day, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau

    reported. Representatives of the OSCE office in Bishkek met

    with the protesters the same day. Also on 20 March, a local

    official in Talas Oblast admitted to villagers that district

    administration head Ilimbek Murzaliev had paid 5,500 soms

    (approximately $120) to members of the Kara-Buura election

    commission to ensure Kulov's defeat. A second official had

    paid voters 100 soms apiece to vote for Kulov's rival Alybai

    Sultanov. Some 200 residents of the town of Balykchy arrived

    in Bishkek on 20 March to present a letter to President Akaev

    demanding that opposition candidate Subanaliev be permitted

    to contend the runoff in Issyk-Kul constituency. Some 4,000

    people signed that demand. LF

    [07] TAJIKISTAN CLAMPS DOWN ON VIOLENCE

    Tajikistan's Interior

    Ministry has launched a new anti-violence campaign, banning

    the wearing of camouflage uniforms by persons not entitled to

    do so and the use of cars with tinted glass windows, Russian

    media reported. Both phenomena feature regularly in reports

    of armed clashes in Dushanbe and elsewhere. Officials who are

    regularly accompanied by bodyguards have been warned that

    their motorcades may be halted by police and the identity of

    the bodyguards verified. Despite the new restrictions,

    unidentified men in military uniform opened fire on 20 March

    in central Dushanbe on a school bus carrying the children of

    Russian troops stationed in the country, Interfax reported.

    One child was injured in the attack. LF


    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [08] EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRESIDENT URGES GREATER EFFORT FOR

    BALKANS

    Romano Prodi said in Brussels on 21 March that the

    EU needs "radical new plans" and a "heavy-duty political

    commitment" in order to bring lasting peace to the Balkans,

    Reuters reported. Prodi, writing in the "International Herald

    Tribune," said "the resources are available and the projects

    are ready. To delay action would be to let the region down

    and bring shame on ourselves." Prodi said clearing the River

    Danube to reopen the waterway to barges would be a good

    start. He added that failure would lead to "a fresh wave of

    refugees." NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia began nearly

    one year ago, on 24 March 1999. PB

    [09] PROTESTS AGAINST TV, RADIO CLOSURE CONTINUE

    Some 5,000

    people rallied in the central town of Kraljevo on 20 March to

    protest the removal of a transmitter from Kraljevo Radio-TV

    (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 20 March 2000), dpa reported. The

    authorities' confiscation of the transmitter from Mount Goc

    has reduced the station's broadcast range by 60 percent. PB

    [10] ANOTHER MOBSTER GUNNED DOWN IN BELGRADE

    Former Serbian

    paramilitary leader Branislav "Dugi" Lainovic was shot and

    killed in Belgrade on 20 March, Beta reported. The assassin

    fled the scene. Lainovic, who allegedly had ties to organized

    crime in Novi Sad, was the last commander of the Srpska

    Garda, which operated during the early part of the war with

    Croatia. The first two commanders of the Garda have also been

    assassinated. PB

    [11] RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER PRESENTS KOSOVA PEACE PLAN

    Speaking

    on state television on 20 March, Igor Ivanov said that Moscow

    believes that a solution to the Kosova problem must conform

    to four principles, ITAR-TASS reported. First, Yugoslavia's

    sovereignty and territorial integrity must be maintained.

    Second, the relationship between Kosova and Yugoslavia must

    be defined. Third, the borders between Yugoslavia and Albania

    and Macedonia must be blocked "reliably" to prevent the

    influx of weapons. And fourth, conditions must be created for

    the return of refugees. PG

    [12] BOSNIAN SERBS GO ON TRIAL FOR RAPE CAMPS

    The trial of three

    Bosnian Serbs charged with mass rape began at The Hague on 20

    March, dpa reported. Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac, and

    Milorad Vukovic are accused of crimes against humanity and

    violations of the rules of war, in particular, the use of

    rape as a weapon during the Bosnian war. The prosecution said

    dozens of Muslim women and girls in and around the town of

    Foca were imprisoned and then raped and tortured. The accused

    were commanding officers of army units during the Bosnian

    war. They have all plead not guilty. Many victims--their

    identities kept secret to protect them against possible

    reprisals--will testify in the case. In other tribunal news,

    a spokesman for the war crimes court said on 21 March that

    the tribunal may expand indictments against Yugoslav

    President Slobodan Milosevic to include charges of genocide

    and sex delicts for crimes that occurred in Kosova. PB

    [13] UN SECRETARY-GENERAL SEES PROGRESS IN BOSNIA

    Kofi Annan said

    in a report that there has been "steady progress" in the

    restructuring of the police force in Bosnia-Herzegovina, an

    RFE/RL UN correspondent reported on 20 March. The report says

    that the UN mission in Bosnia has begun initiatives to

    balance the ethnic composition of local police forces and to

    improve cooperation between the different entities there. But

    Annan said obstruction to many reforms continued, including

    the implementation of a single state border service. He also

    criticized Bosnian Croat officials for not integrating the

    Interior Ministry and police in the divided city. The full

    report is available at:

    . PB

    [14] UN ENVOY DECRIES SITUATION IN KOSOVA

    Jiri Dienstbier, the

    UN's special human rights investigator for the Balkans, said

    on 20 March that Kosova is "in chaos" and that the province

    is "a paradise for different mafias," Reuters reported.

    Dienstbier, who had just concluded a 10-day tour of

    Yugoslavia, said "there are very different private structures

    of power" in Kosova. He said the situation there "is the

    result of a mistaken policy of the international

    community...bombing Yugoslavia without knowing what will be

    next." Dienstbier slammed Belgrade for its crackdown on

    independent media and said "we all have to fight for freedom

    of the media...without which this society can only stagnate

    further." He also called for the release of ethnic Albanian

    activist Flora Brovina, who was recently sentenced to 12

    years in jail for "anti-state activities." PB

    [15] KOSOVAR ALBANIAN LEADER PLEDGES TO HALT VIOLENCE

    Ethnic

    Albanian leader Hashim Thaci said on 20 March that he will

    use his influence to try to end the tense situation in the

    Presevo Valley of southern Serbia, AP reported. Thaci said

    "we should do everything we can to overcome this difficult

    situation." Armed ethnic Albanians are heading to the area

    across the Kosova border to protect ethnic Albanians from

    alleged Serbian repression. Thaci blamed Yugoslav President

    Milosevic for the simmering tensions in the area. He added

    that he will "do everything...to stop the armed

    confrontations there." PB

    [16] ZAGREB SENDS WAR CRIMES SUSPECT TO THE HAGUE

    Croatian

    Justice Minister Stjepan Ivanisevic said that alleged Bosnian

    Croat war crimes suspect Mladen "Tuta" Naletilic was flown to

    The Hague on 21 March aboard a specially-equipped plane, AP

    reported. Naletilic's extradition has been delayed for

    various reasons for more than two years. He was indicted on

    17 counts of war crimes for alleged crimes committed against

    Muslims in southwestern Bosnia in 1993-1994. PB

    [17] SLOVENIAN, CROATIAN PRESIDENTS HOLD TALKS

    Slovenian

    President Milan Kucan and his Croatian counterpart, Stipe

    Mesic, agreed after talks in Ljubljana on 20 March that

    bilateral disputes can be solved, Hina reported. Mesic, on

    his first trip since becoming president, said "all

    outstanding issues are solvable with just a little stronger

    will on both sides." Kucan said that the democratic changes

    that have occurred in Croatia since the death of former

    President Franjo Tudjman will help facilitate the resolution

    of several issues, but he added that some problems "are very

    difficult." The two countries disagree over part of their

    common border and dispute the frontier in Piran Bay. They

    also disagree over the management of the Krsko nuclear power

    plant in Slovenia, which is owned by both countries but run

    by Slovenia. PB

    [18] ROMANIAN PREMIER SUBMITS TO EU MEDIUM-TERM ECONOMIC STRATEGY

    Mugur Isarescu on 20 March submitted his country's medium-

    term economic strategy for joining the EU. On returning to

    Bucharest from Brussels, Isarescu said the strategy was well

    received but now "we must prove we can also apply it with

    perseverance." Foreign Minister Petre Roman is presenting the

    strategy on 21 March to the Romanian EU Association

    Committee. Roman told Reuters on 20 March that his country

    will ask for EU funding to close down mines in the north of

    the country that are considered ecologically unsafe,

    including those that recently caused spills into the region's

    river system. MS

    [19] ROMANIAN OPPOSITION DENIES 'HOT LINE' TO KREMLIN ALLEGATIONS

    The Party of Social Democracy in Romania has agreed to the

    proposal that a parliamentary commission investigate whether

    a "hot line" existed from 1993 to 1995 between the

    presidential palace--at that time occupied by then President

    Ion Iliescu--and the Kremlin. The PDSR says parties belonging

    to the ruling coalition and the media supporting those

    parties are attempting to discredit the PDSR by circulating a

    story published one week earlier by Russia's "Zavtra," which

    the PDSR described as "anti-Semitic and xenophobe." Iliescu

    said on Romanian Television that the "hot-line" between

    members of the Warsaw Pact and Comecon had been discontinued

    in 1990. In other news, the PDSR said it is "cutting any

    links" with Romanian Television, following the appointment of

    Alexandru Lazarescu, a member of the television's

    administrative council, as executive director. Lazarescu was

    nominated to the council by President Emil Constantinescu. MS

    [20] ROMANIAN PARTIES PREPARE FOR ELECTIONS

    Iliescu said in Sibiu

    on 18 March that one of the main objectives of the PDSR in

    the forthcoming election campaign is to "end the monopoly of

    the Right" in Transylvania," Mediafax reported. Social

    Democratic Party Chairman Alexandru Athanasiu said the PSDR

    will open discussions with the Democrats on signing a new

    protocol for the Social Democratic Union, an alliance that

    has not functioned since the 1996 elections. The Party of

    Romanian National Unity on 18 March designated party chairman

    Valeriu Tabara as its presidential candidate, while the

    extra-parliamentary Socialist Labor Party chose deputy

    chairman Ion Sasu as its presidential candidate. Former

    Premier Victor Ciorbea's Christian Democratic National

    Alliance has appointed Corneliu Turianu as deputy chairman

    and says it will probably merge with Nicolae Cerveni's

    Liberal Democratic Party and the Liberal Monarchist Party. MS

    [21] MOLDOVAN PRESIDENT AGAINST GOVERNMENT RESIGNATION

    Responding

    to reports that Dumitru Braghis's cabinet might submit its

    resignation if the parliament fails to approve the

    privatization of the wine and tobacco industries, as agreed

    with the IMF, presidential spokesman Anatol Golea said on 20

    March that Petru Lucinschi believes the government's

    resignation would be "the worst of all [possible] options"

    for Moldova. Golea said Lucinschi hopes the legislature will

    approve the legislation on privatization, not least since

    several parties now in opposition "have privatization

    inscribed in their programs," RFE/RL's Chisinau bureau

    reported. A meeting of the Central Committee of the Party of

    Moldovan Communists decided on 18 March that the party, a

    member of the ruling coalition, will not vote for the

    privatization of those sectors "under any circumstances,"

    Infotag reported. MS

    [22] BULGARIAN PREMIER SAYS KOSOVA VISIT WAS 'PREVENTIVE

    DIPLOMACY'

    Prime Minister Ivan Kostov, returning from Kosova

    on 19 March, said his visit was an attempt at conducting

    "preventive diplomacy" and reducing emerging national

    security risks," BTA reported. Kostov met with ethnic

    Albanian leaders Ibrahim Rugova and Hashim Thaci, as well as

    with Serbian leader Momcilo Trajkovic and Orthodox Bishop

    Artemije. He said more and more "Kosova factors" perceive

    Bulgaria as a major contributor to the search for a stable

    and lasting peace. But he added that he is "not optimistic,"

    noting that instead of "accepting responsibility," both Serbs

    and Albanians in the region are "opting for pompous phrases."

    The Bulgarian media have criticized the visit and what is

    being perceived as Kostov's attempt to play the role of

    mediator. MS


    [C] END NOTE

    [23] ARMENIAN PRESIDENT'S MACHIAVELLIAN RIPOSTE

    By Emil Danielyan

    Those who had predicted the imminent end of Robert

    Kocharian's political career proved to be mistaken last week

    when the Armenian president wrong-footed his opponents in the

    government with sweeping changes in the army command, a move

    that will likely have political ramifications. Kocharian's

    decision to promote senior army commanders affiliated with

    the Yerkrapah Union of veterans of the Nagorno-Karabakh war,

    an influential organization that has challenged him for the

    last five months, seemed strange and illogical at first

    glance. After all, Yerkrapah is the main muscle of Prime

    Minister Aram Sarkisian and his allies in the ongoing power

    struggle with the head of state.

    But as most Armenian observers discovered, it was a

    well-calculated political maneuver that appears to have

    staved off a threat to Kocharian's presidency, at least in

    the short run. All the signs are that in return for higher

    posts, Yerkrapah generals pledged not to get involved in the

    periodical disputes between Kocharian and Sarkisian, who is

    backed by the majority Miasnutyun (Unity) bloc in the

    parliament. The local press has been more categorical,

    concluding that the senior war veterans were simply paid off.

    The changes in army command will by no means end the

    turmoil that has plagued Armenia's leadership since the 27

    October shootings in the parliament, in which former Prime

    Minister Vazgen Sarkisian (Aram's brother), parliamentary

    speaker Karen Demirchian, and six other officials were shot

    dead. But it may restore the balance of power between

    president, the executive, and the legislature, which is vital

    for their normal functioning.

    Comrades-in-arms of the former prime minister,

    particularly Yerkrapah leaders, were shocked and infuriated

    by his brutal murder. In their search for the possible

    masterminds of that crime, they began mistrusting other

    political groups.

    As someone who could presumably benefit from the death

    of the two charismatic leaders, Kocharian also aroused

    Yerkrapah members' suspicions, which, however, were not

    expressed openly. Calls for the president's resignation were

    first made by some Yerkrapah figures in November and were

    echoed by other members of the current premier's inner

    circle. Although neither the union nor Sarkisian and

    Miasnutyun added their voices to those calls, their relations

    with the president have been strained. The arrest in December

    of a presidential aide on charges of complicity in the

    killings fueled speculation that military prosecutors

    conducting the inquiry might eventually implicate other

    figures close to Kocharian and possibly even the president

    himself.

    The two rival camps have upped the stakes in the last

    few months, to the point where one side would have to yield.

    And Kocharian did not enjoy an advantageous position, to say

    the least. Thus, the appointment of Yerkrapah's chairman,

    General Manvel Grigorian, as deputy minister on 14 March was

    a big surprise. Another prominent Yerkrapah figure, Colonel

    Seyran Saroyan, became commander of an army corps and was

    promoted by Kocharian to the rank of general.

    More significant is the fact that Sarkisian was not

    informed of the appointments beforehand. The prime minister

    was furious that even his Yerkrapah loyalists had kept him in

    the dark. Defense Minister Vagharshak Harutiunian also

    learned about the reshuffle as a fait accompli. This led

    observers to suggest that Generals Grigorian and Saroyan

    vowed that in exchange for their promotion, they would

    prevent Yerkrapah from undermining the president's authority.

    Although they have reassured Sarkisian of their continued

    support, their promotion must have come at a price, those

    observers reason.

    Kocharian's move was made as he faced an ultimatum from

    Miasnutyun. On 3 March, the Miasnutyun bloc, whose members

    include Sarkisian, demanded the resignation of the chief of

    the presidential staff and the pro-Kocharian director of

    Armenian National Television for their alleged campaign to

    discredit prosecutors investigating the parliament killings.

    Tensions have run high ever since. Foreign Minister Vartan

    Oskanian told the parliament on 8 March that internationally

    mediated talks to settle the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have

    stalled owing to the political situation in Armenia.

    But Miasnutyun's demands would be meaningless if they

    were not supported by Yerkrapah. "President Kocharian has

    once again showed that he is far more cunning and skillful in

    political intrigues than the forces confronting him,"

    according to an editorial in the daily "Aravot" last week. As

    well as naming four new deputy defense ministers, Kocharian

    sacked three vice-ministers, one of whom was a Yerkrapah

    member. The reshuffle, it appears, was also meant to warn the

    military against involvement in politics, and it may prompt

    all Kocharian's opponents, and Miasnutyun in particular, to

    temper their anti-presidential sentiments. But boosting

    Yerkrapah's positions in the upper echelons of the armed

    forces while expecting the union to remain neutral is a

    calculated risk.

    Meanwhile, another Yerevan daily, "Hayots Ashkhar,"

    wrote that the main reason for "the Yerkrapah generals'

    loyalty to Kocharian" is that the prosecutors have no

    evidence to link him with the 27 October assassinations.

    Indeed, Armenia's chief military prosecutor, Gagik

    Jahangirian, failed to make anticipated embarrassing

    revelations at a recent news conference. But full political

    stabilization is unlikely before the investigation into the

    27 October shootings is over. At present, it is still early

    to say what the results of that probe will be and how they

    will be received.

    The author is an RFE/RL correspondent based in Yerevan.

    21-03-00


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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