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U.S. Department of State Daily Press Briefing #161, 97-11-07

U.S. State Department: Daily Press Briefings Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: The Department of State Foreign Affairs Network (DOSFAN) at <http://www.state.gov>


763

U.S. Department of State
Daily Press Briefing

I N D E X

Friday, November 7, 1997

Briefer: James P. Rubin

ANNOUNCEMENTS
1		Statement on Kenya Available in the Press Office

IRAQ 1 Secretary's Consultations with Members of the Administration and with UN Officials 1 Outcome of UN Diplomatic Mission/Continued Iraqi Interference with UNSCOM Monitoring 2,7 Issuance of Visa to Deputy Prime Minister Tareq Aziz for Meetings at UN 3 Option of Additional Sanctions to Induce Compliance with UNSC Resolutions 4 Chairman Butler's Decisions on Composition of Inspection Team 5,7 History of Iraq's Non-Compliance with UN Resolution 687 re: UN Weapons Inspections 5-6 Iraqi Threat to Shoot Down U-2 Flight 5,8-9 US Efforts in UNSC to Develop Action to Ensure Iraqi Compliance with UNSC Resolutions 9-10 Allied Response to Iraqi Actions

MIDDLE EAST 10 Participation at Doha Economic Conference/Absence of Israeli Foreign Minister 10-11 Secretary's Upcoming Meetings with Prime Minister Netanyahu and Chairman Arafat 12 Linkage between Doha Economic Conference and Progress in Peace Process

NORTH KOREA 11 Return of Food Assessment Team

SRI LANKA 11 Challenge by LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) to Designation as Foreign Terrorist Organization

ALGERIA 11-12 Arrest and Sentencing of Newspaper Chief Omar Belouchet

SERBIA 12-13 Revelations of War Crimes by Serbian Soldier, Slobodan Misic


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DAILY PRESS BRIEFING

DPB #161

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1997, 12:40 P.M.

(ON THE RECORD UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)

MR. RUBIN: Greetings. Welcome to the State Department briefing. Today is Friday. I have a statement for you on Kenya that we will post after the briefing.

Let's start with a new person today; Barry Schweid, from the Associated Press.

QUESTION: What is it that you can contribute at this point - because the rhetoric from both ends is getting familiar on the Iraqi situation. Let me ask specifically whether the alliance is holding, and what the Secretary may have done, who she may have spoken to; and does she find the same unanimity that was apparent at the beginning of the week?

MR. RUBIN: With regard to how to respond to Iraq?

QUESTION: Indeed, yes.

MR. RUBIN: The Secretary has been consulting widely in the Administration, and talking to UN officials. I think she's reported several different conversations with the Secretary General to you.

Our sense and her sense, from the preliminary assessment she has obtained, is that the mission of the UN envoys did not - I repeat, did not - achieve the desired result. They do not appear to have convinced Saddam Hussein to stop his flouting of the United Nations; to reverse his decision on prohibiting the work of UN inspectors without preconditions; and to start getting in compliance with the United Nations.

This is a most disturbing development. Both the Secretary and the President, as he said this morning, doesn't see much hope for this kind of diplomatic solution. But obviously, we will want to wait and hear a full and complete assessment of the UN mission, and wait until we receive that assessment through the channel of their meeting in New York before we evaluate how to proceed.

I could talk to you a little bit about the various comments of the Iraqis, but in terms of where we are today is worse than yesterday because it's another day in which Saddam Hussein is flouting the will of the international community; and it's another day in which the sign of him getting the message is that he isn't getting the message - that he continues to try to wiggle and obfuscate and delay and confuse, instead of bringing closer the day when he could come into compliance with the United Nations.

QUESTION: Where is France today, as far as --

MR. RUBIN: Right, I think as this issue unfolds, I certainly will understand your desire to determine where the other countries are. But I think you'll understand if I say that it's really up to them to speak for themselves.

As far as the Secretary General's sense is concerned, is as follows. There were those who thought it was very important to try to resolve this issue diplomatically through this mission. We went the extra mile diplomatically by allowing and supporting the idea of this mission, by supporting the delay of the U-2 flight on the theory that maybe Saddam Hussein would get the message if it was delivered in person to his Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, and change course and start complying.

To the extent that governments around the world want to see all diplomatic means pursued before going farther in the Security Council towards firm action, this mission hopefully will have united the world in the conclusion that we've done all we can and Saddam Hussein is just determined to flout the will of the international community.

QUESTION: One last one - haven't you lost ground, the alliance, by this extension?

MR. RUBIN: On the contrary, I think. With every --

QUESTION: The messing with the cameras, for instance; the moving of equipment. He had the time to do that while these three diplomats trotted out there presumably to tell him to just comply, not to negotiate.

MR. RUBIN: I think you're missing the way UNSCOM works. He could have done that tampering with UN inspectors' abilities to operate with or without this mission. He was not allowing - I believe today is the fifth day in which he refused UN inspectors to do their job.

This crisis began when he would not let UN inspectors do their job. It's our view that this relatively short mission - a few days - is now over. As I understand it, the officials are in Kuwait and are heading home; and by Monday, they will have reported to the Council and the diplomatic mile will have been traveled. Those who want to see maximum diplomacy pursued before stepping up the pressure with firm action should be satisfied. We'll, hopefully, then be in a better position to support whatever it is we want to do.

QUESTION: Jamie, are you going to issue Tariq Aziz a visa to come to the United Nations?

MR. RUBIN: We do intend to grant Tariq Aziz a visa to come to the United Nations. It's been our practice to - as the President said this morning - to allow for visas to do the UN's business. He will not have any problem coming and visiting with UN officials because of visas. We intend to grant him a visa, yes.

QUESTION: Did he ask for a visa?

MR. RUBIN: Yes.

QUESTION: What?

QUESTION: Yes, he asked for a visa.

QUESTION: Oh.

QUESTION: Defense Secretary Cohen today talked about potential for additional sanctions or military action. I mean, really, in this situation, do you consider sanctions - some sort of additional sanctions, like the travel restrictions you were talking about a couple of weeks ago, would they be appropriate in this case?

MR. RUBIN: Well, it's an option we've already discussed in the Council. As you know, it's contained in UN Resolution 1134. So it is a way, we think, to ratchet the pressure up on the Iraqi regime, and to convince them that they're making a mistake by not complying with the United Nations. So that is clearly an option that we can consider pursuing in the Security Council next week.

QUESTION: Really. But is it a realistic option, given all that's taken place in the last two weeks. As you say, his continued flouting of the Security Council and every effort to try to be diplomatic in finding a solution.

MR. RUBIN: Well, we'll have to see what course of action we should pursue upon a full and final report from the mission to the Security Council on Monday. We do believe that the kind of travel restrictions that we sought, that some governments thought were difficult - so difficult that they abstained - must have some sting, or those governments wouldn't have abstained.

QUESTION: So would it be accurate - maybe I should ask the question this way. Would the United States see these additional economic sanctions - or these additional sanctions as the next step in its approach to this crisis with Iraq rather than going directly to military action?

MR. RUBIN: I'm not going to tell you or steer you towards one option or another in the Security Council. As Secretary Cohen said this morning, there are options. I'm not going to rule any option out. I'm not going to exclude options. And one of the options includes a ratcheting up of the pressure through sanctions.

QUESTION: Jamie, I'm a little confused.

MR. RUBIN: I hope not.

QUESTION: Does the US think it needs further resolutions from the Security Council to use military force in this instance?

MR. RUBIN: No.

QUESTION: I have another question, if I may.

MR. RUBIN: Are you less confused now?

QUESTION: No, it's just something you said before, which was open to two interpretations, and I wanted to clarify.

MR. RUBIN: Okay.

QUESTION: It is your position that it's up to Butler to determine the makeup of the inspection team; is that correct?

MR. RUBIN: Correct.

QUESTION: If he were to decide that he didn't need all six Americans and Saddam were to accept that, would that be acceptable to the US?

MR. RUBIN: If my aunt had whiskers, she would be my uncle. We have no reason to believe that Chairman Butler is going to allow Saddam Hussein to choose between experts from one country as against the other.

It's clear the United States has special expertise in this area. We've been a country that's been involved in arms control for a long, long time; and it's very difficult to imagine you could get better experts in this area. We have no reason, nor have we heard any indication, nor is there any reason to speculate that UNSCOM Chairman Butler would be prepared to accede to Iraqi demands.

QUESTION: I want try to clarify something that's been swirling around the edges of this, Jamie. The Iraqis are apparently saying that their beef is with the Americans, in particular, because they believe that the purpose of the United States is not arms control here, but the downfall of the regime. Is it your position that compliance with the UN resolutions would be sufficient to lift the sanctions, or are we actually seeking the downfall of Saddam?

MR. RUBIN: Our view has been very clear, and when I finish explaining it to you, I hope you will conclude that this is another excuse on the part of regime in Baghdad. If Saddam Hussein complies with the relevant UN Security Council resolutions, we will support a process by which sanctions can be suspended and lifted. There is no question about that. That has been our policy for some time; it has not changed.

That does not mean we are optimistic that this kind of a dictator, who has flouted the will of the international community over and over and over again, would reverse course and come into compliance with the United Nations. Let's remember, the United Nations Security Council 687 was supposed to be complied with in a matter of days. If they had given up all their weapons, given up all their evidence, given up all their programs, this whole process of sanctions might have been much shorter.

There were people who thought if they just allowed the UN's inspection teams to do their job in 1991, this could have been over -- the phase of weapons disarmament. But instead, they've hidden, they've dodged, they've weaved, they've lied, and they've done everything to prevent these dedicated UN officials from getting to the bottom of their programs.

It's 2,000 days later, and we're still waiting for Saddam Hussein to finally do what he was supposed to do in Resolution 687, which is come clean; tell the world what he was planning; give up the evidence and allow the UN to certify him as having a clean bill of health on weapons of mass destruction.

QUESTION: Jamie, it seems that Mr. Aziz is pretty clear in his views. He wants to travel to the United Nations, but at the same time, he's calling the United States an adversary. He's saying that the Special Commission can't really do its job because it's led by the big, bad cop, the United States, who wants to bring the downfall of Iraq. So isn't his visit really just a way of delaying the proceedings even further, by him trying to come to the United Nations?

MR. RUBIN: Well, the United Nations is located in New York. New York is in the United States. It's our view, as host nation, that we should allow the United Nations to do its job; and that includes talking. That is what the United Nations often does, is have discussions. So it would be passing strange for us, as the host country, to prevent Tariq Aziz from coming here to have those discussions.

As far as what our policy is, come Monday when this report is made to the Security Council, we will be seeking firm action from the United Nations Security Council to compel Iraqi compliance with the United Nations. That is what we will be doing come Monday, whether Tariq Aziz is stalking the halls of the United Nations, having lunch in a fine restaurant in New York, or meeting with any particular colleagues. That's what we'll be doing, come Monday.

QUESTION: On Tariq Aziz, I wonder if you want to respond to some of the things he said in a rather long news conference today.

MR. RUBIN: Sure.

QUESTION: For example, he said, "I know that the U-2 is entering Iraqi airspace in order to take photographs to enable the American army to attack Iraqi targets." Why don't you start with that, maybe.

MR. RUBIN: Let me start by making very clear for all of you that the U-2 flight that they are threatening to shoot down last week and again is a United Nations flight. Chairman Butler has made clear that it's a United Nations flight. These planes serve the United Nations; they have United Nations markings on their tail.

The sites are selected by United Nations inspectors. They are critical to the inspection regime. The photography they create is processed by United Nations inspectors. They are focused on what the resolutions are focused on, which is ballistic missile programs above 150 kilometers; chemical weapons programs; biological weapons programs.

The information we need and needed to conduct the Gulf War was easily available to the United States through a variety of means, without the U-2 flights. I can't, obviously, discuss what means those are. But I think it's well-known, and demonstrates the fatal flaw in his argument that this U-2 flight is somehow part of our effort to keep track of Iraq's military. I think senior officials have made clear that even without this U-2 flight, we are able to keep pretty good tabs on what the Iraqi military is doing. So this is obviously a specious argument.

QUESTION: Do you want to respond to any of the other comments he made in the news conference?

MR. RUBIN: Do you want to be specific, or have me just generally go down and rebut each one of them?

QUESTION: I'd be happy to have you just respond to whatever you want to in that news conference.

MR. RUBIN: Let me put it this way. Saddam Hussein and Tariq Aziz are throwing away the key to the lifting of sanctions. They have the key to lifting of sanctions - all they have to do is comply. Instead of complaining and whining about how long it's taken the UN to do its job, they should look in the mirror and realize that it's their failure to comply and to cooperate with the United Nations that has caused us to be in this situation.

It wasn't so long ago that a defector from Iran provided a whole ream of information about what they were and weren't doing that went far beyond what even the UN inspectors suspected. So if they've got a problem as to --

QUESTION: You said Iran.

MR. RUBIN: Did I say Iran? Please forgive me; I meant Iraq.

It's up to the senior officials in Iraq to decide whether they want these sanctions lifted. Instead of complaining that it's the United States' fault, that it's the world's fault, that the dog ate my homework. They should simply comply with the United Nations Security Council resolutions, and we wouldn't be in this situation.

Time and time again, Secretary Albright has talked about stories in which she has heard directly from UN inspectors that they will go in a room and be told that a piece of paper is the total amount of information that's available on a particular weapons program. Then the UN inspector will pull out of his briefcase a document they've received from the Iraqis that shows that that's one-tenth of the program. And they will hand it over to the Iraqis, and the Iraqis will leave the room, and come back and say, oops, we forgot about that, and rewrite their alleged full disclosure.

So the key to lifting sanctions is in Baghdad's hands. If they keep throwing the key away and burying the key, they can't complain that it's the United States or the United Nations or anyone else's fault that sanctions are still in place.

QUESTION: Jamie, may I ask another question about the Tariq Aziz visa. The President this morning suggested that the United States normally grants such visas, but not for the purposes of stonewalling. Is this - and presumably he is going to do something like that - is this another example of the United States going an extra mile to satisfy --

MR. RUBIN: I really don't see it that way. Let's bear in mind what we're talking about here. We're giving the Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq, a member of the United Nations, a visa to go to the United Nations to talk to his colleagues and UN officials. That talk can go on, as I said earlier, without slowing down the American-led effort to try to develop firm action in the Security Council to compel Iraqi compliance.

He can do all the talking he wants with UN officials, have all the discussions, complain about why it's everybody's fault but Iraq's that sanctions are still on the people of Iraq. But meanwhile, we'll be working to try to develop a firm action in the Council.

QUESTION: Jamie.

MR. RUBIN: Still on Iraq?

QUESTION: Yes, one more for me. This may sound like parsing, forgive me. You said today that the US will be seeking firm action on Monday from the Security Council, and you also said the US did not need Security Council approval for military action. Can I infer from those two remarks juxtaposed that in the short run, the US is not using military action?

MR. RUBIN: I'm not going to rule out any option at this point, and that is our position.

QUESTION: Just one more question. There's been some talk that Saddam Hussein has sort of timed all of this, coincidentally, with the Doha Conference. Would the US postpone --

MR. RUBIN: That's the first time I've heard that, that this is - the Doha Conference.

QUESTION: As a means - one of the benefits would be to upset that whole balance. Would the US consider delaying action until after that conference?

MR. RUBIN: I can assure you the security interests we have at stake here in preventing a dictator like Saddam Hussein, who is trying to develop weapons of mass destruction -- namely, about as serious a threat as the world could face -- is far greater than our legitimate interest in trying to promote economic development in the Middle East.

QUESTION: Speaking of the Doha Conference, Israeli Foreign Minister David Levy said yesterday that he's not going to go.

QUESTION: Can I stay on Iraq for a second?

MR. RUBIN: Yes. We'll move in a second. Sure.

QUESTION: Mr. Brahimi, in his news conference this morning, said that he and his team had gone to Iraq and "listened with respect and with patience and interest to everything that they wanted to tell us, and we are taking that back to the Secretary General." I thought Mr. Brahimi and his team were supposed to go and deliver a message, that there wasn't supposed to be any negotiation or listening, but simply a message.

MR. RUBIN: I don't see how any diplomat could go to a foreign country and not listen.

QUESTION: And then take a message back to the Secretary General from the Iraqis?

MR. RUBIN: Again, we have no problem with Iraq continuing to complain, so long as the United Nations and the rest of the world rally around the principle that we need to compel compliance. And if these diplomats listened, that's what diplomats do. If additional diplomats will be listening in New York when Tariq Aziz comes, that's fine, too. Discussion is a good thing. We're an open country, interested in open discussions, and we have no problem with that.

What we had a problem with was any of these envoys purporting to put restrictions on what the UN Special Commission would or wouldn't do, and what the Security Council's policies would or wouldn't be under different circumstances. We have no reason to believe they purported to suggest any changes in that regard.

If the envoys wanted to indicate that they listened patiently and intended to communicate back to the Secretary General what a member state of the United Nations said to them, we don't have a problem with that because we have no reason to believe they purported to change the mandate of the Special Commission, the policies of the Security Council in any way.

QUESTION: Can I just ask, how much longer, how many more days is there going to be listening and talking; and when is there going to be the firm action that you --

MR. RUBIN: As I indicated several times, Monday we will receive a report from the United Nations envoys. The Security Council will digest that report, and we will be seeking firm action in the Security Council at that time.

QUESTION: Monday?

MR. RUBIN: Well, I worked in New York, and Secretary Albright was the UN Ambassador there. The Security Council doesn't - especially in a matter of this seriousness - normally act in a matter of minutes or a matter of hours. But we will be seeking, starting Monday, firm action in the Security Council.

QUESTION: Has the United States decided what that firm action will be? Or is that a decision that will be taken over the weekend?

MR. RUBIN: I'm not going to get into our internal planning on this. As you've seen and as you indicated at the beginning of this discussion some 25 minutes ago, Secretary Cohen reported on different options. All I can say is we're not ruling options out at this point.

QUESTION: (Inaudible.)

MR. RUBIN: You're on Iraq. I didn't realize that. I thought you wanted to talk about the Doha Conference.

QUESTION: Jamie, you keep refuting the Iraqi claim that this crisis is between America and Iraq; and you insist it is between the United Nations and --

MR. RUBIN: It's not us who insists that. It's the Security Council that's made that very clear in its statements and resolutions; not the United States.

QUESTION: Exactly, you, too, are United Nations --

MR. RUBIN: Right.

QUESTION: How long are you prepared to go? We know there is opposition from the Russians and the French to any military action. They stated this - their official --

MR. RUBIN: I would have to disagree with so many things you just said, I don't think I could be constructive in answering.

QUESTION: The Russian Foreign Minister, in Cairo, he said --

MR. RUBIN: The Russian Government, the French Foreign Minister have all demanded Iraqi compliance. I have not seen any statements ruling out for all time the kind of action that you suggested by the French and the Russian Government.

QUESTION: We are all - all the allies agree about that Saddam has to comply. But the difference is about the punishment if he doesn't.

MR. RUBIN: I'm sorry, I'm just - I think you're starting from a premise which I don't think is demonstrated by the public record or the private record.

QUESTION: But the Russian Foreign Minister, Primakov, in Cairo, stated last Friday, when I asked you the question, and you answered me, it's always tricky to quote Russian Government officials - he stated clearly they will not support military actions in Iraq.

MR. RUBIN: Well, I haven't seen that quote, but that doesn't sound like the position of the Russian Government that we're familiar with. I think everybody prefers the diplomatic course, and my understanding is what the Russian Government and the French Government have been saying in the last week is that they are demanding Iraqi compliance, and that they would prefer to see this solved without the use of force. The President of the United States said the same thing.

QUESTION: On Doha -- Foreign Minister Levy's statement yesterday that he will not be attending; do you have a reaction to that?

MR. RUBIN: I have not seen that statement. I can tell you that we understand that 70 - 150 business people, including 150 American business people have registered for the conference. This represents a solid response from the business community. We are expecting broad, high-level representation from the region.

I don't believe there are final decisions by everyone. If the Israeli Government believes that it would be wiser to send officials directly involved in economic matters, that's really up to them to decide. Secretary Albright will be going to that event to try to give a boost to development of economic ties and economic growth in the region.

Each government is going to have to make its own decision as to how to participate, and we will have to see what the final Israeli participation is before we make a judgment whether participation on their part was a problem or not a problem.

QUESTION: He made that statement to Israeli reporters before he left yesterday.

MR. RUBIN: Right. I just hadn't seen that.

QUESTION: It looks as - do you think that the Secretary will be the only foreign minister at Doha?

MR. RUBIN: I doubt that, but I don't have a list of foreign ministers for you. As soon as I do, I will give it to you.

QUESTION: Also, on her stops before Doha, do you have anything to tell us?

MR. RUBIN: Yes. Secretary Albright intends to meet with Prime Minister Netanyahu in London -- that should come as a surprise to you - and with Chairman Arafat in Switzerland next weekend. She will meet in London with Prime Minister Netanyahu on Friday, and is right now scheduled to meet with Chairman Arafat in Switzerland on Saturday.

QUESTION: (Inaudible.)

MR. RUBIN: We're still working out the details on where that would be.

QUESTION: So when does she depart?

MR. RUBIN: We'll be giving you dates on exact departures. I would expect those of you who would be able to attend and participate in the trip might be not sleeping in a bed Thursday night.

(Laughter.)

QUESTION: Anything on North Korea and the assessment team? Do you have an update on that?

MR. RUBIN: I do not have any update on the North Korean assessment team. We're going to, again, as I said, try to get you all a read-out from that team as soon as they are back.

QUESTION: And the Tamil Tigers apparently have filed suit against being designated on the terrorism list.

MR. RUBIN: As Secretary Albright said last month when announcing these designations, we are aware that some of the designations made will be challenged in court. Due process under the law affords this opportunity. But we're also confident that the designations are fully justified. And I would note that they have the concurrence of both the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury.

This is a matter before the courts, but let me emphasize for you that extraordinary efforts were made, through an extensive Administrative record created, and an extraordinary number of hours of work on the part of lawyers from all over the government, to try to ensure that whatever designations were made stood up in court.

QUESTION: On Algeria, excuse my pronunciation, Omar Belouchet, he worked for El Watan, I believe he was jailed or there was some sort of --

MR. RUBIN: Yes, we have heard the reports of his arrest and sentencing. If these reports are true, we are disturbed to learn that freedom of the press is being further curtailed in Algeria. In his inaugural address in November 1995, the Algerian President committed his government to liberty of expression and freedom of the press. We support that policy very strongly.

The sentencing and imprisonment of this journalist does not appear to be consistent with such freedom, nor will it help advance the creation of democratic institutions in Algeria. We have been trying to do our best to encourage a policy of political and economic reform in Algeria, including strengthening the rule of law and increased freedom of the press. This is a, therefore, disturbing development.

QUESTION: What is the status of the US policy with Algeria?

MR. RUBIN: I don't have anything new to report to you on that.

QUESTION: Just to jump back to Doha for two seconds, the Arab leaders have said that they've linked attendance at Doha with progress in the talks. Is the US at all optimistic that anything happened this week that would encourage attendance?

MR. RUBIN: I think both of the parties, the delegations spoke and said that they thought they had advanced the ball. I do not suspect that we're going to have any dramatic announcements in time to change substantially the decision of Arab countries about their participation in Doha.

Let me remind you that we don't think that Doha is a benefit or a gift to any one country. Doha is about improving the lives of the peoples all over the Arab world and the Middle East. So there's always an attempt to trade this for that. Sometimes in the process, one is cutting off one's nose to spite one's face. It seems to me that the people of the region are suffering if economic commerce and additional business is not created, which will help create jobs and improve the lives of the people who live there.

So we recognize that as the position of some governments. We are not expecting to be able to demonstrate dramatic breakthroughs before this conference occurs. But we do hope that the governments will look at the constructive comments made by the delegations that were here, and talk to them about what they think was serious movements forward, and adjust their policies in turn. But we're realistic about what Doha will be and what it won't be.

QUESTION: Jamie, do you have any comment on the Yugoslav army guy who confessed to killings in Croatia and some in Bosnia, with a paramilitary unit? He now apparently has been taken into custody by the Yugoslav authorities. Do you want him turned over somewhere?

MR. RUBIN: We don't have any independent confirmation of Mr. Misic's story. But it is a disturbing story, and frankly, from what we know about the war there, a credible story. The International Criminal Tribunal has primarily responsibility for investigating and prosecuting war crimes in the former Yugoslavia.

Belgrade is obligated, therefore, to share any information on the Misic case with the Tribunal so investigators may determine whether he should be indicted and tried in The Hague.

QUESTION: Have you made that request to the Yugoslav authorities at all?

MR. RUBIN: I'm sure that we will communicate it, and I suspect they just heard it.

QUESTION: Thank you.

(The briefing concluded at 1:15 P.M.)


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